Category Archives: rants

Grapho-fétichistes et discrimination

Les nostalgiques s’emballent, les romantiques se renfrognent, les alarmistes s’exclament, les sentimentalistes se morfondent. Mais ceux d’entre nous qui préfèrent regarder vers l’avenir se réjouissent. Optimistes, idéalistes, naïfs, jeunes, enthousiastes, amants du renouveau. Nous vivrons heureux.

J’écris mal. Très mal. C’est ce qu’on m’a dit toute ma vie. Ma «main d’écriture» est atroce. Ma caligraphie est horrible. «Tu écris comme un médecin», se moque-t-on. La honte. L’opprobre. L’insatisfaction. La discrimination.

Sérieux. Mon séjour aux écoles primaires et secondaires fut dominé par mes problèmes de caligraphie. À l’époque (de la fin des années 1970 à la fin des années 1980), c’était presqu’une condamnation, de la part du milieu scolaire (encore sclérosé). Non, on ne m’a pas tapé sur les doigts. Oui, on m’a «laissé faire». Mais on m’a jugé. On a utilisé mon écriture, ma caligraphie, contre moi.

Tel ce prof de français «enrichi», en Secondaire III qui m’a avoué, après que je me sois lié d’amitié avec lui, que la première fois qu’il a vu mon écriture, il me croyait avoir été mal classé, souffrant peut-être de déficience intellectuelle. Pour quelqu’un qui a officiellement été désigné comme «débile» à la naissance, c’est frappant comme commentaire.

On a cherché à expliquer mon manque d’aptitude pour l’écriture cursive. D’aucuns blâment mes yeux. Soit mon manque d’acuité visuelle (presbytie, myopie, astigmatisme). Ou mon strabisme. Ou ma latéralisation puisque, selon mon optométriste préféré, je suis gaucher (même si j’écris de la main droite). Quoi qu’il en soit, mon écriture manuscripte a été l’objet de nombreuses discussions. Évidemment, faut s’y attendre quand on a une mère ergothérapeute spécialisée en stimulation précoce, un père psycho-pédagogue spécialisé en dyslexie et une certaine facilité dans les matières scolaires…

J’ai parlé de «discrimination». Le mot est fort. Je l’assume, mais avec réserve. Je n’essaie pas de comparer l’attitude des gens face à mon écriture à de véritables actes discriminatoires. Je n’essaie même pas de dire qu’on ne m’a «donné aucune chance dans la vie», à cause de mon écriture ou quelque autre caractéristique. Mais j’ai longtemps été ostracisé par mes pairs.

«J’écris pas pour me plaindre, j’avais juste le goût de parler.» L’attention qu’on a portée à mon problème d’écriture n’était pas vraiment néfaste. En fait, elle m’a probablement permis de développer divers éléments de ma personalité. Au Cégep, l’illisibilité d’une de mes copies d’examen de philo m’a valu une faveur déguisée. Puisque le prof ne pouvait lire mon écriture, il m’a demandé de la lire moi-même. Ce faisant, j’ai pu donner à mes mots l’intonation qu’ils semblaient mériter. Je déteste le favoritisme, surtout quand j’en suis l’objet. Mais je crois qu’en cette circonstance, le privilège qui m’a été accordé était approprié. D’ailleurs, je crois bien que le prof m’aurait donné la même note s’il avait pu lire ma copie par lui-même.

Encore là, on me mettait à part. J’ai l’habitude, vous savez. Surtout à l’école.

De l’ostracisme contre le «maudit français» qu’on percevait en moi (mon père est Suisse et mon français parlé était plus européen que québécois) à la difficulté de me lier d’amitié avec qui que ce soit en raison de mon isolement constant. En passant par le fait que, n’ayant pas été baptisé, j’étais exclus de tous les sacrements catholiques qui unissaient les élèves de mon école. J’étais aussi le seul «enfant du divorce», dans cette école. Du moins, durant les premières années (mes parents se sont séparés au cours de ma première année scolaire). Par la suite, le divorce est devenu chose courante mais on ne m’a pas accordé plus d’intérêt pour autant. Mon strabisme, que certains peuvent aujourd’hui trouver «charmant» m’a longtemps convaincu de l’inesthétisme de mon visage. Jusqu’à ce jour, je me réjouis en voyant le strabisme accepté (à l’occasion) par le public télévisuel.

En contraste avec ma position en milieu scolaire, je jouissais d’une place de choix dans un milieu familial et social qui comptait surtout des adultes. Un peu l’animal de cirque d’un cercle de gens intéressés par l’apprentissage (y compris plusieurs profs). Dès mon plus jeune âge, j’ai eu la chance d’avoir de longues discussions avec des personnes fascinantes, généralement beaucoup plus âgées que moi. C’est sans doute ce qui m’a fait passer pour un type intéressant, pendant un temps.

Toujours est-il que je n’ai jamais été comme les autres. Et mon écriture le prouvait. Il y a fort à parier que mon écriture soit devenue, pour moi, une façon de m’approprier mon individualité. Pas vraiment une révolte contre l’autorité. Une négotiation avec elle. Une représentation frappante de mon amour du désordre.

Par ailleurs, mon manque de «talent» pour la calligraphie m’a clairement poussé dans une direction inverse à celle de l’artiste visuel. Pas tellement surprenant pour quelqu’un qui porte des lunettes depuis l’âge de deux ans mais je me suis jamais senti poussé vers le visuel. J’admire bien certains objets mais ma sensibilité visuelle est quasi-nulle. J’aime écouter et parler. C’est en m’éloignant des «arts plastiques» au début du secondaire que je suis devenu saxophoniste. C’est en devenant musicien que je suis devenu anthropologue. C’est en devenant anthropologue que j’ai commencé à être accepté. Tout ça à cause de mes yeux, diraient certains. Ils ont peut-être raison.

Ma motivation à écrire ce billet provient d’une discussion plutôt dérangeante pour moi, au cours d’un épisode de la balado-diffusion Open Source animée par Christopher Lydon. Toujours friands d’actualité (!), l’équipe de Lydon a décidé de sonner le signal d’alarme: l’écriture cursive disparaît et, avec elle, toute trace de «civilisation». Comme dit l’autre: «tout fout l’camp!». J’exagère à peine.

Invités lors de cet épisode, deux spécialistes de caligraphie (qui ont toutes deux échoué lors de leurs cours de caligraphie à l’école primaire), un graphologue et un graphiste. Les deux premières fétichisent les lettres manuscriptes, les associant à toutes sortes de valeurs sociales (une d’entre elles compare d’ailleurs la caligraphie à un complet veston d’homme d’affaires). Le troisième défend son travail en expliquant que des entreprises françaises, des joalliers et des services secrets utilisent la graphologie pour distinguer des candidats à divers postes. Profond?

Mon opinion des graphologues en tant que déterministes réductionnistes est supportée par plusieurs commentaires d’un d’entre eux, Roger Rubin, lors de cet épisode d’Open Source. Percevant une corrélation entre l’hyperactivité et la diminution de l’importance de la caligraphie, il assigne la causalité d’un phénomène psychique complexe à la simple écriture manuscrite. Fascinant! Même McLuhan était plus prudent!

D’ailleurs, d’autres invités parlent de ce que les études ont «démontré» («hors de tout doute») au sujet des rapports entre cognition et caligraphie. J’aimerais vraiment savoir ce que ça implique pour les non-voyants, les paraplégiques et tous ceux qui, comme moi, ont moins de facilité avec l’écriture manuscrite qu’avec d’autres moyens de communication.

La voix de la raison se fait entendre, vers la fin du programme, par la bouche du graphiste Chris Lozos. Plutôt que de lamenter la perte de l’écriture cursive si chère aux autres intervenants, il parle de l’écriture cursive comme d’un outil facilitant ou suppléant à certains types de communication. Toutefois, Lozos lui-même sombre à son tour dans l’extrapolation abusive, maugréant contre l’utilisation de la messagerie instantanée cause de la pensée mal formée. J’ai bien hâte que les membres de cette génération anxieuse aient fini de prendre ses opinions sur les générations plus jeunes comme des observations pertinentes.

Non, j’ai rien contre les générations qui nous ont précédé la nôtre. Et la nostalgie fait partie de mon quotidien. Simplement, ce dont je m’ennuie, ce n’est pas l’époque du cours classique et des religieuses autoritaires qui enjoignaient nos parents à s’asseoir dans la posture la plus droite possible (ce qui, soit dit en passant, n’est peut-être pas la meilleure posture).

L’animateur Lydon et Brendan Greeley (celui qui surveille le blogue) ont toutefois parlé de façon indirecte de différentiation sexuelle et d’écriture. Les jeunes filles qui «trippent» sur le papier, les vieilles dames que nous rappelle la notion d’écriture cursive. Personnellement, j’ai pas besoin de l’écriture cursive pour faire valoir mon côté féminin. Et, ne vous en déplaise, je ressens tout autant d’émotion à la lecture d’un message électronique bien senti qu’à la réception d’une lettre manuscrite.

C’est d’ailleurs le point central. Les nouvelles technologies de l’information et des communications nous éloignent de l’écriture cursive. Ça tombe bien pour moi.

World Intellectual Property Exploitation Organization Ultimately Threatened (WIPEOUT)

I do hope they realize it. The infamous, and famously exploitative, lobby group for “intellectual property” is ultimately going to lose.

Signs of their ultimate demise abound in the actions of both the RIAA and the MPAA (as well as equivalent lobby groups in other North America and Europe). These people just don’t get it.

Been laughing out loud at some comments about the recent debate over the alleged benefits of extending British copyright for performing artists over the fifty years that anyone in their right mind would think is fair. Even some musicians are revealing the lack of breadth in their argument: they just want to be able to live off the money from their recordings from the late 1950s and early 1960s. That would stimulate innovation how, exactly? The fact that it took these people that long to realize that copyrights are meant to be temporary is preciously funny. “Oh, wait! I thought I was supposed to keep my monopoly over these recordings forever.”

Also funny is the stance of Apple Corps. and the remaining Beatles over what should be done with their music. Their first recordings will come out of copyright in the UK (and several other places) in a few years. Instead of taking advantage of the situation by making sure that the last people who by their music get added value, they prevent online music stores from selling their tracks and release a set of anachronistic remixes. Weird.

Been thinking for a while about a type of “two cultures” theory. What Larry Lessig calls “Free Culture” on one side and “Commerical Culture” on the other. The meaning of “culture” used in those cases can be relatively close to anthropological concepts, though it’s also about “creative culture,” including arts and entertainments. In the U.S. of A., Lessig’s primary target, “free culture” seems to be under attack. Elsewhere, it florishes. In any way we think about it, “free culture” is more beneficial for the greater group than a “closed culture,” whether it’s based on commercial value, on jealousy, or both. If we think competitively, there is little doubt in my head that “free culture” will eventually win and that U.S. “commercial culture” (or “permission culture,” as Lessig calls it) will collapse, bringing down a large part of U.S. society.

That is, unless some people finally wake up.

Comment-Fishing: Think It Through

As I notice that provocative and opinionated pronouncements are more likely to garner feedback than carefully crafted balanced thoughts, I’ll say it like this: bloggers should think before they blog! :-S

What I really mean to rant about is that the part of blogging I dislike the most is time-sensitivity. Knee-jerk reactions are great for blogging and I do believe in RERO. But there’s a point at which people seem to care too much about posting at the right time. Some even want to be the first person to blog a given issue. Is it the blogging equivalent of scooping??

Ok, ok, I’m about as guilty as anyone else. Partly because I have long lists of things I want to talk about and there are some cool streams of consciousness effects in the bringing of current issues in the same conversations. This is, in fact, where blogging is most interactive, IMHO.

Sheesh! Can’t people just think, once in a while?

Individualism, Freedom, and Food

A surprisingly superficial podcast episode on what could have been a very deep subject.

Open Source » Blog Archive » The End of Free Will?

start a conversation about manipulation, persuasion and freedom from choice

To summarize the main issue of that episode: is marketing and "upselling" by restaurant chains undermining the individual freedom to choose quality food? Apparently simple a question, but billed as much more than that.

Maybe they refrained from delving deeper into any of those issues because philosophical discussions, perhaps aesthetic ones especially, are off limits in "polite company" in U.S. media. Too bad.

Actually, I’m genuinely disappointed. Not necessarily because restaurant chains are very important an issue for me (in Montreal, they don’t seem to have the exact same type of impact and I love to cook). But because the show’s participants all came very close to saying very important things about individualism, food, and freedom. The first two are too rarely discussed, IMHO, and the third could have been the "hook" to discuss the other two.

Ah, well…

If you want to know more about my thoughts on this podcast episode, check out some of the tags below.

African Ingenuity

Via BoingBoing.

Who says Africans lack business acumen?

(Actually, such methods of empowerment are quite common, throughout Africa. And many Africans are rightfully proud of being able to manage by themselves. When will people from OECD “nations” get this?)

(Rant) Fold It! Fold It Riiight There!

Don’t get me wrong. I do love children. Children are the reason I feel optimistic about the future of humankind. And what I tend to call championship strollers do have a place. In parks, on bike paths, and in wide open spaces. It’s just that this place is not, I repeat not in subways, busses, and other means of public transportation. At least, not fully opened. During rush hour. In a crammed space. With parents oblivious to the fact that their presence is an annoyance to dozens of fellow passengers.

Hey you, the new parent! If you’re taking your stroller on the bus or in the subway at rush hour you are allowed to fold it up so that it takes as little space as possible. You could also do as if it were a bicycle and take it to the last car of the subway. No harm in that! Or you could wait for rush hour to be over. In fact, you can even be considerate to other people and make sure that your stroller isn’t too much in the way.
Should a baby really take more space than five adults in a public space?

Gah! Some parents are so self-obsessed! I mean, rugged individualism is one thing. But consideration for fellow human beings goes a long way to improve everyone‘s quality of life.

Again, you don’t necessarily need to use a smaller umbrella-style stroller to use in public transportation. And it’s quite understandable that you need the best possible carrying system so as to not strain your back carrying your baby. But there is such a thing as noticing that the world doesn’t revolve around your very own child. Yes, every child is a precious gift. But can you imagine what would happen if every single child were treated the same way as yours?

Of course, people will call me a kid-hater or some worse thing. But I’m not angry at all! Really! In fact, when I gave my seat so a father could sit with his baby and take less space than his wife and their championship stroller were taking, I was smiling. Not a smug smile, mind you. More of a “children are so cute” smile. But when this lovely couple left their “we take no prisoners” stroller unattended while they became extremely attentive to their very quiet and happy baby, I couldn’t help but think that such a natural thing as parenthood could become an excuse for ignoring the rest of the world. And there’s a point at which ignoring the rest of the world can lead to angst, frustration, and conflict.

Not to mention that there are much better ways to carry a baby in a crowd! Some of them are even stylish

Normative Language and Spontaneity

In an interview (in French) with Bruno Guglielminetti (site not yet updated with the interview), copy-editor François Hubert discussed the “quality” of the French language on blogs (by which he means the grammatical, typographical, and spelling correctness of blog posts in French).

This concept of language quality, as described by Hubert and many others, is an important component of French language ideology. While speakers of other languages often complain about the poor quality of other speakers’ speech (and, especially, writing), normative language seems to be a more important part of the language ideology for the French language than, say, the language ideology for the English language.

The insistence on normative language, on the part of French-speakers, seems to have very important effects on both non-native speakers of French and native speakers of French. For instance, many non-native speakers of French will refrain from using the language with native speakers because they fear the native speakers will judge them negatively. While this does happen with learners of other languages, it seems especially debilitating for people trying to use French across language communities. In fact, insistence by Hubert and others on the “quality” of written French might be one of the motivating factors for my blogging mostly in English.

Of course, Hubert has the right to his opinions on the matter and his preference for normative language could be interpreted as a part of his job as a copy-editor (my wife is also a copy-editor…). Yet, even those who work on prescriptive grammar in other languages may be more open to non-normative language. For instance, comments by the editors of the Chicago Manual of Style in their Questions and Answers monthly column often display a much more tolerant attitude to non-normative language than many French-speakers with minimal interest in language issues.

There’s a strong tendency in language sciences (my wife and I are both in the field) to adopt a much more neutral view of language prescription. Some language scientists may talk in private about their preference for «un bon français» (“a good French,” as close to the standard register as possible) but the general agreement is that any language variety is as good as any other in linguistic terms.

In this specific interview, Hubert was mostly discussing blog entries and their spontaneity. Pinpointing a known phenomenon linking mistakes with online communication (“What? There’s a ‘Preview’ button?”), Hubert sets up a model opposing spontaneity to quality.  Hubert himself not only sends his blog entries in a word processor to check for typographical mistakes (a spell-checking browser makes this much easier to do) but he even prints out some of his entries before posting them. Thankfully his advice to bloggers is less extreme as it centres on rereading posts before submission and going back to older posts in order to revise them for posterity’s sake.

None of this is inappropriate advice, but it leads us to think about the blurring line between oral and written communication. Hubert’s argument is that, if we care about communication so much, we should revise our texts as they might remain available for a long time. Bloggers often take another approach to revision: readers are like an open-source community of copy-editors. Blogs with active readership communities often attract comments on language issues. Simple typographical mistakes are usually spotted by some astute reader quite early on and deeper issues are sometimes solved by the community. “Given enough eyeballs, all typos are shallow.” This is especially true if the author of the entry is perceived as somewhat condescending to her or his readers. Nothing will motivate someone to write a comment than showing the mistakes the author has made!

This all has to do with not only spontaneity but the “release early, release often.” Bloggers do revisit older entries, if need be. Not necessarily by editing the original entry but by posting a follow up. Blog étiquette seems to have it that entries should be left untouched as much as possible. Otherwise, comments on those entries cease to make sense. And when bloggers are trying to get to publishing quality, they might in fact use the power of the community as an editing team. As such, a blog entry is like a recorded conversation. You don’t change the conversation but you can use it to go further. In such a context, normative language makes fairly little sense. As long as you can post quickly and the gist of your ideas can be understood well-enough to enable readers to ask questions, heavy revision of every single entry is contrary to the very principle of blogging.

IMHO, such emphasis on revision and “language quality” is a reason why so many people have difficulty with writing. Nothing prevents someone from writing more abruptly than thinking about peculiarities of written language. Except if those peculiarities are what this person is writing about, of course!

One thing that few people seem to discuss extensively is the fact that younger people are in fact writing inordinate amounts of text online. Of course, those with a prescriptive and normative view of language will just say that what is written online by a thirteen year old has no value because of the “poor quality of the language.” Yet those teenagers who are instant messaging their way to becoming extremely fast typists are really writing. They are putting ideas into written form. And they develop ways to be as efficient as possible in their writing while still being understood by their interlocutors. More than a skill, it’s an important social change. Writing is not what it was when only a precious few scribes were able to use it for specialized communication and archival (like accounting and religion). Scribes of old have been responsible for a number of changes in language. Why can’t millions of teenagers have more of an impact on written language than a few dead scribes?

Starbucks Lost It

Not the case itself.
Starbucks has this case against DoubleShot Coffee Company, which is being blogged and podcasted. So far, Starbucks has threatened DoubleShot with a lawsuit. So nobody has won or lost any court case. At least, not yet. But Starbucks lost the very thing that made it successful: café culture. Not that Starbucks was so good. But it has now officially jumped the shark. Threatening to sue a small coffee shop and roaster because their licensed name has something to do (vaguely) with the name of a prepackaged drink sold by Starbucks? What does it have to do with Starbucks the chain of cafés?

Of course, not all Starbucks locations are actual cafés. Malls, colleges, even gift shops selling Starbucks. But some people probably have the idea that Starbucks still stands for something.

Ah, well…